Selected Publications in Psychology, Decision and Risk Research

Aspiration Levels & Preferences

• Crott, H. W., Scholz, R.W., Ksiensik, M.I. & Popp, M. (1983). Koalitionsentscheidungen und Aufteilungsverhalten in Drei-Personen-Spielen: Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Konflikt, Macht und Anspruchsniveau. [Decisions to form coalitions and to distribute payoffs in three-person-games: theoretical and empirical investigations of conflict, power and aspirational level]. Frankfurt/Main: Lang.
• Scholz, R.W. (1980). Dyadische Verhandlungen: Eine theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchung von Vorhersagemodellen unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung von Anspruchsniveau-Vorhersagemodellen. [Dyadic negotiations. A theoretical and experimental investigation of forecasting models with special consideration of models to forecast aspiration levels]. Königstein/Ts: Hain.
• Sell, J., Koellner, T., Weber, O., Pedroni, L. & Scholz, R. W. (2006) Decision criteria of European and Latin American market actors for tropical forestry projects providing environmental services. Ecological Economics, 58, 17–36.

Bargaining and Negotiation

• Gleich, J.M. & Scholz, R.W. (1981). Die Anwendbarkeit mathematischer Lernmodelle zur Beschreibung von Verhandlungsverhalten und ihre Problematik [The applicability of and problems with mathematical learning models for the description of negotiating behaviour]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie [Journal for Social Psychology], 12, 199–216.
• Scholz, R.W. (1980). Dyadische Verhandlungen: Eine theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchung von Vorhersagemodellen unter der besonderen Bercksichtigung von Anspruchsniveau-Vorhersagemodellen. [Dyadic negotiations. A theoretical and experimental investigation of forecasting models with special consideration of models to forecast aspiration levels]. Königstein/Ts: Hain.
• Scholz, R. W., Fleischer, R. W., & Bentrup, A. (1983). Aspiration forming and predictions based on aspiration levels compared between professional and nonprofessional bargainers. In R. Tietz (Ed.), Aspiration levels in bargaining and economic decision makingpp. 104-121). Berlin: Springer.

Coalition Formation

• Crott, H. W., Scholz, R. W., & Albers, W. (1982). Equal division kernel and reference coalitions in three-person games: Results of an experiment (IMW-Working Paper). Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld.
• Crott, H. W., Scholz, R.W., Ksiensik, M.I. & Popp, M. (1983). Koalitionsentscheidungen und Aufteilungsverhalten in Drei-Personen-Spielen: Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Konflikt, Macht und Anspruchsniveau. [Decisions to form coalitions and to distribute payoffs in three-person-games: theoretical and empirical investigations of conflict, power and aspirational level]. Frankfurt/Main: Lang.

Decision Making under Uncertainty

• Flüeler, T. & Scholz, R.W. (2004). Socio-technical knowledge for robust decision making in radioactive waste management. Risk, Decision and Policy, 9(2), pp. 129–159.
• Hofstetter, P., Baumgartner, T. & Scholz, R.W. (2000). Modelling the valuesphere and the ecosphere: Integrating the decision makers' perspectives into LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 5(3), 161–175.
• Scholz, R.W. (Ed.). (1983). Decision Making under Uncertainty. (Vol. 16). Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2nd printing.
• Scholz, R.W. (Ed.). (1986). Current issues in west German decision research. Frankfurt/Main: Lang.
• Scholz, R.W. (1987). Cognitive strategies in stochastic thinking. Dordrecht: Reidel. [1st printing out of press, available now as printing on demand.]
• Scholz, R.W. (1988). Variants of expectancy and subjective probability in P300 research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 396–397.
• Scholz, R. W. & Schnabel, U. (2006). Decision making under uncertainty in case of soil remediation. Journal of Environmental Management, 80, 132–147.
• Scholz, R.W. & Zimmer, A.C. (Eds.). (1997). Qualitative aspects of decision making. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publisher.
• Scholz, R.W. & Zimmer, A.C. (1997). Qualitative aspects of decision making: A challenge for decision research. Psychologische Beiträge [Psychology Science], 39, 7–13.
• Werner, F. & Scholz, R.W. (2002). Ambiguities in Decision-Oriented Life Cycle Inventories. The Role of Mental Models. The International Journal of Life Cycle Asessment, 7(6), 330–338.

Expert Research

• Hansmann, R., Scholz, R.W., Crott, H.W. & Mieg, H.A. (2003). Higher education in environmental sciences: The effects of incorporating expert information in group discussions of a transdisciplinary case study [31 pages]. Electronic Journal of Science Education [On-line Journal], Vol. 7(3). Available: http://unr.edu/homepage/crowther/ejse/ejsev7n3.html
• Laws, D., Scholz, R.W., Shiroyama, H., Susskind, L., Suzuki, T. & Weber O. (2004). Expert Views on Sustainability and Technology Implementation. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, Vol. 11(3), pp. 247–261.
• Mieg, H.A. & Scholz, R.W. (1993). Zur Evaluation von (diagnostischen) "Expertensystemen". [On the evaluation of "diagnostic" expert systems]. Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation [Practice of information processing and communication], 16(4), 218–224.
• Scholz, R. W. & Hansmann, R. (2007). Combining experts’ risk judgments on technology performance of phytoremediation: Self-confidence ratings, averaging procedures, and formative consensus building. Risk Analysis, 27(1), 225–240.
• Scholz, R.W. & Weber, O. (1995). Wahrscheinlichkeitswissen und Expertensystemnutzung: Inferentielle und konzeptionelle Schnittstellenprobleme in der beruflichen Praxis. [Knowledge about probability and use of expert systems: intersectional problems of inference and of conception in professional practice]. Mathematica Didactica, 18, 66–77.

Knowledge Representation and Knowledge Integration

• Bea, W. & Scholz, R.W. (1995). Graphische Modelle bedingter Wahrscheinlichkeiten im empirisch-didaktischen Vergleich. [Graphical models of conditional probabilities in an empirical and didactic comparison]. Zeitschrift für Mathematik-Didaktik [Journal for Mathematical Didactics], 16, 299–327.
• Scholz, R.W. (1987). Cognitive strategies in stochastic thinking. Dordrecht: Reidel. [1st printing out of press, available now as printing on demand.]
• Scholz, R.W. (1988). Variants of expectancy and subjective probability in P300 research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 396–397.
• Scholz, R.W. & Tietje, O. (2002). Embedded Case Study Methods: Integrating Quantitative And Qualitative Knowledge. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
• Sell, J. & Scholz, R.W. (2003). Consensus building and knowledge integration methods applied to technology implementation in the Swiss waste incineration industry. International Journal Environmental Technology and Management, 3(3/4), 368–389.

Organizational Psychology and Decision Aid Use

• Mieg, H.A., Scholz, R.W. & Stünzi, J.T. (1996). Das Prinzip der modularen Integration: Neue Wege von Führung und Wissensintegration im Management von Umweltprojekten. [The principle of modular integration: new approaches to leadership and knowledge integration in the management of environmental projects]. Organisationsentwicklung [Organizational Development], 2, 4–15.

Risk Perception

• Crott, H.W., Grotzer, T., Hansmann, R., Mieg, H.A. & Scholz, R.W. (1999). Prozessanalyse von Gruppenentscheidungen zu Aspekten ökologischer Stadtplanung. [Process analysis of group decisions with respect to aspects of ecological urban planning]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie [Journal for Social Psychology], 30, 77–91.
• Grasmück, D. & Scholz, R.W. (2005). Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination by High-Exposed and Low-Exposed Inhabitants: The Role of Knowledge and Emotional Concerns. Risk Analysis, 25(3), pp. 611–622.
• Hansmann, R. Mieg, H.A., Scholz, R.W. & Crott, H. W. (2003). Shifting Students` to Experts` complex systems knowledge: Effects of bootstrapping, group discussion, and case study participation. International Journal of Sustainibility in Higher Education. 4(2), 151–168.
• Hansmann, R., Crott, H. W. & Scholz, R.W. (2007). Momentum Effects in Discussions on Intellective Tasks: Comparing Informed and Non-Informed Groups. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 66(1), 17-31. (ISI 2006: 0.239)
• Hansmann, R., Crott, H. W., Mieg, H. A. & Scholz, R. W. (2009). Improving group processes in transdisciplinary case studies for sustainability learning. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 10(1), 33-42.
• Hansmann, R., Scholz, R.W., Crott, H.W. & Mieg, H.A. (2003). Higher education in environmental sciences: The effects of incorporating expert information in group discussions of a transdisciplinary case study [31 pages]. Electronic Journal of Science Education [On-line Journal], Vol. 7(3). Available: http://unr.edu/homepage/crowther/ejse/ejsev7n3.html
• Herwig, U., Bruehl, A. B., Viebke, M. C., Scholz, R. W., Knoche, D. & Siegrist, M. (2011). Neural correlates of evaluating hazards of high risk. Brain Research, 1400(11), 78-86.
• Kriese, U. & Scholz, R. W. (2011). The Positioning of Sustainability within Residential Property Marketing. Urban Studies, 48(7), 1503-1527.
• Scholz, R. W. & Siegrist, M. (2010). Low Risks, High Public Concern? The Cases of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Heavy Metals, and Nanotech Particles. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 16(1), 185-198.
• Scholz, R.W. & Hansmann, R. (2007). Combining experts’ risk judgments on technology performance of phytoremediation: Self-confidence ratings, averaging procedures, and formative consensus building. Risk Analysis, 27(1), 225-240. (ISI 2006: 1.938)
• Weber, O., Scholz, R.W., Bühlmann, R. & Grasmück, D. (2001). Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination and Attitudes to Decontamination Strategies. Risk Analysis, 21(5), 967–977.Group Decision Making

Traffic Noise

• Althaus, H.J., de Haan, P. & Scholz, R. W. (2009). Traffic noise in LCA. Part 1: state-of-science and requirement profile for consistent context-sensitive integration of traffic noise in LCA. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 14(6), 560-570.
• Althaus, H.-J., de Haan, P. & Scholz, R. W. (2009). Traffic noise in LCA. Part 2: Analysis of existing methods and proposition of a new framework for consistent, context-sensitive LCI modeling of road transport noise emission. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 14(7), 676-686.